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The Big Spring School District is a midsized, rural, public school district which serves the residents of the Borough of Newville and Cooke Township, Lower Frankford Township, Lower Mifflin Township, North Newton Township, Penn Township, South Newton Township, Upper Frankford Township, Upper Mifflin Township and West Pennsboro Township in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. Big Spring School District encompasses approximately . By 2010, the District's population increased to 19,098 people.〔US Census Bureau, 2010 Census Poverty Data by Local Education Agency, 2011〕 According to 2008 local census data it served a resident population of 18,665. The educational attainment levels for the Big Spring School District population (25 years old and over) were 84.3% high school graduates and 14% college graduates.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=School District Comparative Analysis Profiles )〕 The District is one of the 500 public school districts of Pennsylvania. According to the Pennsylvania Budget and Policy Center, 29.8% of the District’s pupils lived at 185% or below the Federal Poverty Level () as shown by their eligibility for the federal free or reduced price school meal programs in 2012.〔Pennsylvania Budget and Policy Center, Education Facts Student Poverty Concentration by LEA, 2012〕 In 2009, the resident's per capita income was $18,057, while the median family income was $47,347.〔American Fact Finder, US Census Bureau, 2010〕 In the Commonwealth, the median family income was $49,501 〔(【引用サイトリンク】author=US Census Bureau )〕 and the United States median family income was $49,445, in 2010.〔(【引用サイトリンク】author=US Census Bureau )〕 By 2013, the median household income in the United States rose to $52,100. The Big Spring School District is one of the 500 public school districts of Pennsylvania. According to District officials, in school year 2007-08, Big Spring School District provided basic educational services to 3,082 pupils through the employment of 257 teachers, 175 full-time and part-time support personnel, and 18 administrators. In school year 2009-10, Big Spring School District provided basic educational services to 2,945 pupils. The District employed: 257 teachers, 194 full-time and part-time support personnel and 16 administrators. Big Spring School District received more than $15.9 million in state funding in school year 2009-10. Big Spring School District operates five schools: Newville Elementary School, Oak Flat Elementary School, Mount Rock Elementary School, Big Spring MIddle School and Big Spring High School. High School students may choose to attend Cumberland Perry Area Vocational Technical School for training in the trades. The Capital Area Intermediate Unit IU15 provides the District with a wide variety of services like specialized education for disabled students and hearing, speech and visual disability services, a completely developed K-12 curriculum that is mapped and aligned with the Pennsylvania Academic Standards (available online), shared services, a group purchasing program and professional development for staff and faculty. Big Spring School District completed construction of a new high school (grades 9-12) in 2003, a new middle school (grades 6-8) in 2005, and operates four elementary schools (grades K-5). One of these elementary schools has recently been renovated, being the middle school, now being an elementary school. Total enrollment as of 2005-06 was 3,200 students. Enrollment declined to 3,064 pupils in 2009. Enrollment is projected to further decline to 2561 by 2019. In June 2011, the School Board closed Plainfield Elementary School. In 2011, Big Spring School District agreed to participate in a pilot program to develop a new way to evaluate teachers that, in part, takes into account student achievement. Several other Cumberland County school districts also participated, including Cumberland Valley School District, Carlisle Area School District, East Pennsboro Area Elementary School, Cumberland Perry AVTS, and Camp Hill School District.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=More Than 100 Entities Sign Up to Participate in Teacher and Principal Evaluation Pilot Program )〕 The pilot program had 104 K-12 entities, including: nine career and technical centers, nine charter schools and nine intermediate units. Beginning in January 2012, Cumberland County schools will use the new evaluation method and provide feedback to the Department of Education. This new evaluation will not be used to determine an educator’s official 2011-12 assessment. ==Governance== Big Spring School District is governed by 9 individually elected board members (serve four-year terms), the Pennsylvania State Board of Education, the Pennsylvania Department of Education and the Pennsylvania General Assembly.〔Pennsylvania General Assembly, Pennsylvania School Code 2009〕 School board members are elected from nine regions within the District. The federal government controls programs it funds like Title I funding for low-income children in the Elementary and Secondary Education Act and the No Child Left Behind Act, which mandates the District focus resources on student success in acquiring reading and math skills. The Superintendent and Business Manager are appointed by the school board. The Superintendent is the chief administrative officer with overall responsibility for all aspects of operations, including education and finance. The Business Manager is responsible for budget and financial operations. Neither of these officials are voting members of the School Board. The School Board enters into individual employment contracts for these positions. In Pennsylvania, public school districts are required to give 150 days notice to the Superintendent regarding renewal of the employment contract.〔Pennsylvania General Assembly, Pennsylvania School Code, 2013〕 The Commonwealth Foundation for Public Policy Alternatives Sunshine Review gave the school board and district administration a "C-" for transparency based on a review of "What information can people find on their school district's website". It examined the school district's website for information regarding; taxes, the current budget, meetings, school board members names and terms, contracts, audits, public records information and more.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Pennsylvania Project )〕 Big Spring School District expends significant dollars in memberships in multiple school lobbying organizations: Pennsylvania School Board Association (PSBA) $10,000 a year, Pennsylvania Association of School Administrators (PASA), Pennsylvania Association of School Business Officials (PASBO) and Pennsylvania Association of Small and Rural Schools $965 per year.〔Big Spring School District Administration, Big Spring School District Budget 2013-14, June 2013〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Big Spring School District」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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